2004年12月26日印尼地震海啸与全球低温   总被引：6，自引：4，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

杨冬红  杨学祥  刘财 《地球物理学进展》2006,21(3):1023-1027

气候潮汐循环说和海震调温说，阐明了冷气候、强潮汐和强震相互对应的物理机制，对2000年地球进入拉马德雷冷位相后的气候预测有重大科学意义.中国连续18年暖冬的终结是2000年地球进入拉马德雷冷位相和印尼发生地震海啸的合理结果.规律表明，在拉马德雷冷位相时期，全球强震、低温、飓风伴随拉尼娜、全球性流感伴随厄尔尼诺将越来越强烈.在20世纪50~70年代，强沙尘暴年与流感爆发年一一对应，沙尘暴可能传播禽流感。  相似文献   

Seaweed floristic studies along tsunami affected Indian coasts: A litmus test scenario after 26th December 2004     

Vaibhav A Mantri 《Journal of Earth System Science》2006,115(3):371-378

On 26th December 2004, the world witnessed the devastating power of tsunami, affecting many countries, bordering the Indian Ocean region. This has caused significant changes in the shallow and intertidal regions of the Indian coast, especially the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Pondicherry. The baseline data on biomass availability and distribution of benthic intertidal seaweed species were collected immediately after this catastrophic event by spot surveying 11 selected localities of the above-mentioned regions. In all, 45 species belonging to 31 genera were recorded during the present survey, the maximum number of seaweed species were recorded at Thirumullavarum, Kerala with the minimum at Car Nicobar, Andaman and Nicobar Islands. A very different trend was observed in the case of biomass availability at some locations which was due to the influence of habitat suitability over the tsunami damage. The details of this study have been provided in the present communication  相似文献   

基于PPP技术的GPS浮标海啸预警模拟研究     

程世来  张小红 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2007,32(9):764-766

提出了利用精密单点定位（precise point positioning,PPP）技术进行海啸预警的方法,并利用TriP软件对实测浮标数据进行了处理,将得出的海面高数据和海啸波模型叠加进行了模拟分析。仿真结果表明,利用精密单点定位技术进行海啸预警,能够监测判断海啸的发生,并获得海啸波到达海岸的波高和时间,提供一定的预警信息。  相似文献   

M TSU : Recovering Seismic Moments from Tsunameter Records   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Emile A. Okal  Vasily V. Titov 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(2-3):355-378

We define a new magnitude scale, M_TSU, allowing the quantification of the seismic moment M₀ of an earthquake based on recordings of its tsunami in the far field by ocean-bottom pressure sensors (``tsunameters') deployed in ocean basins, far from continental or island shores which are known to affect profoundly and in a nonlinear fashion the amplitude of the tsunami wave. The formula for M_TSU, M_TSU = log₁₀ M₀ − 20 = log₁₀ X (ω) + C_D^TSU + C_S^TSU + C₀, where X (ω) is the spectral amplitude of the tsunami, C_D^TSU a distance correction and C_S^TSU a source correction, is directly adapted from the mantle magnitude M_m introduced for seismic surface waves by Okal and Talandier. Like M_m, its corrections are fully justified theoretically based on the representation of a tsunami wave as a branch of the Earth's normal modes. Even the locking constant C₀, which may depend on the nature of the recording (surface amplitude of the tsunami or overpressure at the ocean floor) and its units, is predicted theoretically. M_TSU combines the power of a theoretically developed algorithm, with the robustness of a magnitude measurement that does not take into account such parameters as focal geometry and exact depth, which may not be available under operational conditions in the framework of tsunami warning. We verify the performance of the concept on simulations of the great 1946 Aleutian tsunami at two virtual gauges, and then apply the algorithm to 24 records of 7 tsunamis at DART tsunameters during the years 1994–2003. We find that M_TSU generally recovers the seismic moment M₀ within 0.2 logarithmic units, even under unfavorable conditions such as excessive focal depth and refraction of the tsunami wave around continental masses. Finally, we apply the algorithm to the JASON satellite trace obtained over the Bay of Bengal during the 2004 Sumatra tsunami, after transforming the trace into a time series through a simple ad hoc procedure. Results are surprisingly good, with most estimates of the moment being over 10²⁹ dyn-cm, and thus identifying the source as an exceptionally large earthquake.  相似文献   

Phases Representing Source Lengths of Tsunami in Tide Gauge Records     

Kuniaki Abe 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(2-3):453-463

We identified a phase representing the source length of tsunami's in the tide gauge records around Japan. This phase was observed at tide stations, located in the direction of the long axis of the sources, for four large tsunamis: 1964 Niigata, 1968 Tokachi-oki, 1983 Nihonkaichubu, and 1993 Hokkaido-nanseioki. The phase consists of two continuous crests starting as the initial arrival and has a time length of 15–47 minutes. This is the time required to propagate across the source area along the long axis. Strong evidence that the phase is generated at the source is the good correlation between waveform observed at one side and time-inversed waveform at another side. The correlation results from the instantaneous generation of the source. The source lengths of 74–254 km were obtained under an assumption of sea depths at the sources and verified to coincide with ones within a relative error of 15% that were previously obtained by other methods.  相似文献   

Tsunami Hazard and Risk in Canada     

John J. Clague  Adam Munro  Tad Murty 《Natural Hazards》2003,28(2-3):435-463

Tsunamis have occurred in Canada due to earthquakes, landslides, and a large chemical explosion. The Pacific coast is at greatest risk from tsunamis because of the high incidence of earthquakes and landslides in that region. The most destructive historical tsunamis, however, have been in Atlantic Canada – one in 1917 in Halifax Harbour, which was triggered by a catastrophic explosion on a munitions ship, and another in 1929 in Newfoundland, caused by an earthquake-triggered landslide at the edge of the Grand Banks. The tsunami risk along Canada's Arctic coast and along the shores of the Great Lakes is low in comparison to that of the Pacific and Atlantic coasts. Public awareness of tsunami hazard and risk in Canada is low because destructive tsunamis are rare events.  相似文献   

Ritter Island Volcano—lateral collapse and the tsunami of 1888     

Steven N. Ward  Simon Day 《Geophysical Journal International》2003,154(3):891-902

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The speciation of dissolved copper,cadmium and zinc in Manila Bay,Philippines     

Velasquez IB  Jacinto GS  Valera FS 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,45(1-12):210-217

At present, there is a very limited information on the levels and distribution of dissolved metals in Manila Bay. In this study, the horizontal and vertical distribution of operationally defined species (labile, bound and total) of dissolved copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) were determined using differential pulse anodic and cathodic stripping voltammetry in water samples obtained from 18 stations in November 1998. In addition, the 24-h variability in the concentrations of these species at different depths in the water column was determined. These measurements were complemented by the determination of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a, particulate organic carbon and nutrients. Results showed that more than 50% of total dissolved copper and cadmium were labile while 50% of total dissolved zinc was organically bound. Vertical profiles showed that Cu, Cd and Zn concentrations were generally high at the surface. Zinc and cadmium were characterised by the presence of a mid-depth minimum while copper did not show any clear vertical trend.

Dissolved Cu concentrations during the spatial and diurnal samplings ranged from 0.32 to 6.95 nM and 1.52 to 45.65 nM, respectively. For Cd, the concentrations in 18 stations ranged from 0.05 to 2.92 nM, and from 0.03 to 2.42 nM over a 24-h period. Zn concentrations ranged from 2.48 to 147.43 nM and 2.87 to 88.27 nM during the spatial and diurnal samplings, respectively. The large variation in the concentration of Cu, Cd and Zn in the bay was observed to be associated with the presence of a large vertical density gradient in the water column, which appeared to limit the exchange of materials between the surface and bottom waters. Elevated levels of these metals near point sources suggest anthropogenic inputs in the bay.  相似文献   

The earthquake and tsunami of 1865 November 17: evidence for far-field tsunami hazard from Tonga   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Emile A. Okal  José Borrero  Costas E. Synolakis 《Geophysical Journal International》2004,157(1):164-174

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Regional Considerations of Coastline Change,Tsunami Damage and Recovery along the Southern Coast of the Bay of Izmit (The Kocaeli (Turkey) Earthquake of 17 August 1999)     

Rothaus  Richard M.  Reinhardt  Eduard  Noller  Jay 《Natural Hazards》2004,31(1):233-252

Co-seismic phenomena along the south coastline included liquefaction, subsidenceand tsunami. Construction on areas composed of fluvial and alluvial sediments aswell as unconsolidated fill increased the risk by creating potential for amplificationof seismic waves. Cyclic mobility liquefaction was common along the coastline, andlevel-ground liquefaction was observed. Flow liquefaction is held forth as a possibilityin the Deirmendere submarine landslide. Damage to structures was markedly more in areas of unconsolidated sediments. One or more tsunami struck immediately after the event; the uniformity of tsunami impact indicating a wave coming from 310° suggests that submarine faulting was the major source of tsunami. Over 800,000 m² of subsidence resulted from sediment slumping, fault controlled subsidence, and possibly post-liquefaction sediment compaction. After a brief period of post-event abandonment, reclamation and use of coastal areas is well underway. This creates a tension between human desires pushing for quick and inexpensive re-inhabitation of the coastal areas, and the needs for zoning and building codes for risk reduction. In this high-risk area suchcontrary cultural mandates cannot yield ideal results. It is suggested that an alternativemodel of immediate post-event creation of parks and natural areas that would yield benefit is preferable in coastal areas rather than the enforcement approach currently favored.  相似文献